Thomas Dartmouth Rice (1806-1860) is the man who gave us Jim Crow. Born and raised in New York, Rice trained as a woodcarver but he prefered the life of an itinerant entertainer. By 1828, he was earning his keep in the USA as a prop man and small-part actor. Between acts, he performed a shuffling, jiggling dance to the tune of a black American slave work song. The routine cruelly parodied the crippled movements of a slave named  Jim Crow, who worked in the stables behind the theatre although his limbs were gnarled with arthritis. Rice performed his Jim Crow routine in blackface, thus creating a stereotype for black minstrelry that was to quickly become wildly popular.

Rice’s debut as Jim Crow at the Adelphi Theater in London on 7 November 1836 was so successful that other plays were adapted to create a role for Jim Crow. Rice and Jim Crow became an international sensation and people of all classes capered to the ditty and printed images of  Jim Crow proliferated.

Figures of Jim Crow are very rare. I have known of only one model (and only two copies of it)---until John Howard found his Jam Crow figure, shown here. Misspelling is common on Staffordshire figures because the potters were barely literate, so it is no surprise to find "Jim" endearingly spelled  Staffordshire style!

This figure popped up recently. I had never seen it before. Turns out she is   Melpomene, the Muse of Tragedy. Melpomene's attributes were the horn and tragic masks.I have never seen this base form before either.

So how do I know this figure is Melpomene? A clever friend of mine did the work by doing what I should have done: he referred to James Hall's Dictionary of Subjects & Symbols in Art. This is a great reference, and I do use it often. Hall tells that Melpomeme is one of nine muses, each with her own sphere of influence over learning and the arts. 

Classical figures compel me to learn about the classics, and this makes them especially intriguing. And now that I know there are nine muses, I shall be watching for figures depicting the remaining eight, not to mention other figures on this same base. I giggle inwardly when I am dubbed an 'expert' on early Staffordshire figures. In reality, I am a student, forever learning.  And that's so exciting.

A stirrup cup is usually shaped in the form of the head of a hare, a fox, or a dog.
It was the "parting cup" given to departing guests, ready to leave with their feet in the stirrups. It was also the vehicle for serving a drink (usually sherry or port) served prior to a traditional foxhunt.

So there it is in a nutshell. But the lady bothered me. Why had she hesitated to ask one of the very knowledgable dealers ? The bunch at the fair are particularly friendly and enthusiastic about their stock. Perhaps she had been rebuffed in the past. So get over it. I have had my share of put-downs....and now I just love it when someone tries. I have all the pat answers ready.  Never hesitate to ask a question. It's the only way you will learn.

Another factoid that not everyone knows is the purpose of a spill holder, sometimes called a spill vase

Remember, these were the days before the invention of friction matches. So how did you light your candle? Well, you used a spill that was stored in a spill holder. A spill was a narrow roll of paper or strip of wood (rather like a chopstick). You set it alight from something that was already burning (another candle or the fireplace), and carried the flame over to whatever you needed to light next. When you were done, you might put your spill back in the spill holder, or toss it away. In any event, your supply of spills was always ready for use in one of the many spill holders you kept around the house.

While I am no Martha Stewart, I use my spill holders for more decorative purposes. I put fresh flowers in them. The flowers are placed in those little florists tubes that hold water. They can last for quite a few days...and they look so pretty when you entertain. Of course, if you want a place to store your chop sticks, you now know you should go out and buy a spill holder!

The inkstand below appears similar, but I wonder why it lacks a quiver to serve as a quill holder. Was it made that way? Was the quiver broken off? This illustrates the importance of knowing what a figure should look like before committing to buy. What is NOT on the figure is often as important as what is.

Then again, I have recorded another version of our putto--with a quiver on his back!

Could be that all three versions of the figure are correct. Trouble is you don't know if you are buying from an unreliable source. Aurea's putto would have come with full details of restoration, if any....and that is the advantage of buying from a reputable dealer.

To complicate the issue further, I have seen two putto inkstands where the putto wears a hat. Yes, a hat. Isn't that what every putto needs? The head/face is from a different mold, best I can tell. One of these inkstands is in the Earle Collection (item 664 if you have the book.) The other is quite important because it has written beneath it "John Foster made this at Hanley August the 29 1820." Like the Earle putto, this fellow was made with hat and quiver (quiver now missing.)

We know John Forster made one putto astride a dolphin on a summer's day in 1820--yet we know of not a single other item he made, and he must have made a fair number. Of course, I will always wonder if he made the look-alike figure in the Earle Collection. But who was John Forster and what else did he make??? Our figure potters were small operators. Sadly, the identities of many of these men has, like their fragile wares,  vanished into the mists of time.

Can you imagine how easily a small item like this whistle gets lost, broken, discarded over the centuries? It is no surprise that the years marched by without my seeing another. But at the New York Ceramics Fair this January, I was amazed to find its identical twin in the stock of James Labaugh Antiques. Yes, it cost a lot more than mine had, but it was worth it. A real little gem.

I do have one other bird whistle, bought at the 2009 NYCF from John Howard.

Charming isn't it? And the glaze and enamel colors are as brilliant today as they were two centuries ago. Amazing to think how much trouble once went into making a whistle, how much concern there was for its beauty. Today, a whistle is merely a utilitarian object, usually churned out on a production line in some distant country. Have we really progressed over time??

Also, great news is that Stephen Smith is developing a fabulous site devoted to Sunderland lustre plaques. If these interest you--and they should, even if you are not a lustre collector you will find them fascinating--click here to visit.

I think Karen has done an extraordinary job of creating three dimensional objects from pictures. Most importantly, along the way she fell in love with Staffordshire figures.

The Victoria and Albert Museum has a great 'Death of Munrow' in its holdings--pictured above. It was a gift from a well-intentioned donor. Most museum holdings are in reserve, which means the public never gets to see them. Please DON"T leave your Staffordshire figures to a museum. The odds are they will live in a dark room. They will never bask in the sunlight or be caressed by loving hands. I guess if the Victoria and Albert had its 'Death of Munrow' accessible, Karen would not have had to ask me to help with pictures. I am so pleased that I could help, because almost two centuries after its creation, my 'Death of Munrow' has inspired the love of Staffordshire figures in yet another potential collector.

Karen's work can be seen on her website by clicking here.

This figure is in the "Sherratt" style. We can attribute it to the "Sherratt" potbank by a variety of features. The dress pattern and two red lines on the base of the figure are typically of other "Sherratt" wares. But the clincher is the little floral garland that you can see on the center front of the base. In fact there are three such garlands on the base. These are akin to "Sherratt" signatures. I have yet to find them on a figure that does not present other "Sherratt" attributes.

I am sure that Autumn, Winter, and Spring were made to go along with Summer, but as yet I have not found them. I live in hope!