Early Staffordshire pearlware and creamware pottery figures

Pickleherring Pottery for fine pottery

8/12/2019

There is always much doom and gloom in the antiques world, with old dealers inevitably dying and no promising new ones taking their place. Dinner was very delayed in our home last night because I discovered Pickleherring's fabulous new site, and I had to spend an hour perusing the stunning stock that John Cockburn is offering. The site is beautifully done, and I appreciate John's obvious love of pottery and his erudite approach.

I don't know John, but I expect he is young (which means he should be around for a long time). What makes me conclude this? John offers the opportunity to view a potential purchase via Face Time!

Pickleherring Pottery offers something for every pocket, so do visit it at http://www.antiquebritishpottery.com/

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Walton!

8/3/2019

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In the universe of antique Staffordshire pottery figures, the two groups below stand out because of their stunning, unusual bocages. Only a handful of figures sport bocages of this form, and, until recently, we have not even been able to guess at who made them.

antique Staffordshire, lead-glazed pottery, lead-glazed earthenware, antique Staffordshire figure, pearlware figure, Walton pottery, Myrna Schkolne

Courtesy the William Herbert and Nancy Hunt Collection.

Courtesy Bonhams.

Our collective knowledge took a giant leap forward recently when the widow below with the same bocage came to auction. As pretty as the front is, the most interesting aspect is the mark on the reverse. It is the mark of the potter John Walton.

Courtesy Golding, Young, & Mawer.

John Walton was a prolific manufacturer. No suprise really, given that he potted for over thirty years. In that time, Walton produced more than eighty MARKED figure models. He would almost definitely have produced unmarked models too, but we have little basis for attributing unmarked figure to him.

Until now, each and every one of the bocage forms on marked Walton figures is of a sort that multiple potters used. But the large-leafed bocage on the groups shown above occurs so very rarely that there is reason to assume it is specific to Walton.

For the record, marked Walton Widows also occurs with the generic bocage of the sort seen on the example below.

Marked WALTON

What other figures occur with that rare large-leafed bocage, and what are their links to Walton? The beautiful lion and unicorn below certainly have bocages of that very form. Although they are unmarked, I am now certain that Walton made them.

Supporting my conviction is the marked WALTON pair below with a rather common bocage form.

Marked WALTON.

The Potteries Museum owns this beautiful figure of St. Peter, again unmarked and with that distinctive bocage. I believe it too was made by Walton.

Courtesy The Potteries Museum, Stoke-on-Trent.

I wish I could show you a marked Walton Peter, but here's the strange thing: paired figures of Peter and Paul occur with Paul marked WALTON...but Peter is NEVER marked! The WALTON mark is integral to the mold used for the base of Paul, but it seems that Peter's mold was made without a mark.

The figure of St. Paul is marked "WALTON" but the companion St. Peter is unmarked.

For those of us who focus on attributing figures to makers, the plot now thickens.
The rare nanny-and-child group shown at the top of this posting also occurs with another bocage form. In the example below, the leaves are arranged in clusters of three. Did Walton make this group too? Is this bocage possibly one that Walton also used?

We see that same bocage form on an unmarked St. Peter. Again, did Walton make it?

If such three-leaf combinations were specific to Walton, it opens the door to attributing a host of other unmarked figures to him. The trail grows warmer!

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Videos on Early Staffordshire Figures

7/7/2019

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We have a new menu tab at the top of this page: Videos.

My three videos on early figures are now up and seem to be working. You can access them via the Videos tab on the menu bar. Or you can find them on YouTube by searching "Early Antique Staffordshire Pottery Figures."

This is my first attempt at this sort of thing, so please let me know how I can do better!

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Pounding Hooves

7/1/2019

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This summer, Dallas, Texas, was again the hotspot for early Staffordshire pottery figures when a lucky collector acquired the stunning pair of equestrian figures shown below. I was fortunate enough to be present when the box bearing these treasures was unpacked, and, as each figure emerged from its tissue and bubble wrap, I was amazed at its size and presence.

antique Staffordshire pottery, Staffordshire figure, pearlware figure, equestrian, Myrna Schkolne

Of course, the bocages add height to the figures, making each taller than other equestrian models, but the impact is about more than mere height. Each horse is strapping, and a good chunk wider than the horse used for most other large equestrian figures. And the people are bigger too. As you look at this pair, you hear pounding hooves--as I placed them on a shelf, I almost expected all else on the shelf to rattle just a little. Although I tried, my photos simply fail to capture the heft of these figures, but I assure you that, by comparison, other equestrian models are mere prancing ponies.

These equestrians can be attributed to the Leather Leaf Group pot bank. The bocages (with thick leathery leaves) and distinctive flowers are found routinely on other Leather Leaf Group figures. Also, the backs of the trunks are painted in a mottled pattern that occurs frequently on figures from this pot bank.

Menageries are the Holy Grail for pottery collectors, but these equestrians are just as impressive and far rarer than most menagerie models. They are colorful, animated, and attractive. Those bold bocages, the eye-catching colors, the horses and dogs caught mid-stride, and the elegant couple with riding crops in their hands...what more could a collector want? Perfect condition? Believe it or not, this pair, while not perfect, comes pretty close. Clearly, they have inspired careful respect for two centuries.

This pair of equestrians depicts a circus reenactment of a hunt, rather than a real-life event. In the early nineteenth century, women generally did not hunt because hunting was not a genteel pastime. Remember that the circus then was a relatively new entertainment genre, and it was all about equestrianism. Circuses reenacted hunts, and women, the circus's glamorous equestrienne stars, participated in these staged events.

P.S. Don't overlook the sweet little dogs on the bases!

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Seasonal Surprises

6/1/2019

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The Leeds Pottery, based in Yorkshire, is renowned for the creamware useful wares that it produced from the later eighteenth century. But it also potted figures in both pearlware and creamware that have distinctive facial features. I was excited to spot two figures with those very facial features in a mixed lot that came to auction recently. With the help of a collector friend, I was able to procure just these two six-inch beauties out of the lot.

antique staffordshire pottery, Staffordshire figure, pearlware figure, Leeds Pottery, Spring, Autumn, Winter, Summer, Seasons figure, Myrna Schkolne

The figures represent the seasons Autumn and Summer. I know of such figures only from the photograph below of a full set of Season, taken from Peter Walton's Creamware and Other English Pottery at Temple Newsam, Leeds.

My little Leeds couple are almost as pretty from the back.

Although I would bet they have been together always, their bases were finished differently beneath, and the one is impressed LEEDS POTTERY, while the other is not.

The detail in the modeling is impressive. Look at the fruit in her basket and those teeny grapes in her outstretched hand. (Please overlook the dirt!)

Also note the folds in his clothing and the wheat in his hand.

And, to top it, those typical Leeds faces are sweetly painted.

To my mind, the consistency of the glaze and enamels makes these figures especially delicious. There is a silkiness to them, and the enamels have melded softly with the glaze. Nothing brash, harsh, and glassy here. Rather, the feel is very like that of the Neale figures of the early 1780s, and I suspect that these Leeds figures are also rather early.

Speaking of Neale Seasons, I have long wanted to own a set of Neale Seasons with the Neale mark. I think that the marked examples predate the closely similar unmarked ones by a little bit, and their quality always seems finer. I suspect the only way to get a complete set is to assemble it, so I got started by acquiring the marked examples of Winter and Spring, below Are they not superb? Why do collectors and dealer overlook such tiny gems but eagerly pursue splashier figures?

antique staffordshire pottery, Staffordshire figure, pearlware figure, Neale & Co, Spring, Autumn, Winter, Summer, Seasons figure, Myrna Schkolne

Figures potraying the Seasons, are, to my mind, endlessly satifsying. They are almost all beautiful, and they are so very varied. If I was compelled to collect just one subject, the Seasons would be it!

Yet another Season came my way this year, when this 6.8" figure debuted on eBay. That comic face was, to my mind, instantly recognizable, because I had seen this lady before, in a partial set of the Seasons.

antique staffordshire pottery, Staffordshire figure, pearlware figure, Ralph Wood, Spring, Autumn, Winter, Summer, Seasons figure, Myrna Schkolne

Below are her three "sisters," and together the four ladies would portray all four Seasons. I don't know which pot bank made made my lady in the yellow-dress-that plunges-too-low, but the three gals below can be attributed to Ralph Wood. Among their distinctive features is the line that bands only three sides of each base. I suspect that they were made in the latter years of Ralph Wood's fairly short career and that the molds subsequently passed to another potter. Alas, it seems that time has robbed us of all but the lady in yellow, but please be on the look out for her companions!

Courtesy Byrne's Auctioneers, Chester.

Below are my recent Seasons, all looking for members of their original families. They are all fine figures, ridiculously inexpensive at that. For now, I am enjoying them on a shelf in my office, where they give me enormous pleasure.

antique staffordshire pottery, Staffordshire figure, pearlware figure, Spring, Autumn, Winter, Seasons figure, Myrna Schkolne

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Classical Charm

5/1/2019

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WOW! was my reaction when I first saw this lovely pair of classical antique Staffordshire pottery figures--and I am hoping that will be your reaction too.

antique Staffordshire pottery, Staffordshire figure, pearlware figure, Venus, Apollo, Myrna Schkolne

The figures depict Apollo, the Greek god epitomizing beauty, and Venus, the goddess of love. Although both subjects are well-covered in Staffordshire pottery, these particular models are exceptionally uncommon, and I have recorded only one or perhaps two others from the same molds. So to find them as a pair was really gratifying. At nine inches in height, they are impressive.

Where did this great "find" happen? Believe it or not, on FaceBook. One of my FaceBook friends, the Australian dealer Barrie Cathcart, posted their photo, and the rest is history.

Both Apollo and Venus are bedecked in delicious enamels--meltingly soft--and considerable thought went into all the details. Look at the lovely wreaths on the deities heads. And yes, the same rather girly head seems to have been used for both figures.

I am quite enamored with the dolphin's eye!

Of course, the vermicular decoration on the bases is especially eye-catching. I have noticed that other figures with similarly decorated bases exhibit the same caliber of enameling and glazing, and, on occasion, the same titling. All are rather yummy, and I suspect (but can't prove) that all came from the same pot bank.

antique Staffordshire pottery, Staffordshire figure, pearlware figure, Tenderness, Myrna Schkolne

antique Staffordshire pottery, Staffordshire figure, pearlware figure, blacksmith, cow with the iron tail, waterpump, Myrna Schkolne

Also added to the shelf in my office recently was this figure portraying Fortitude.

antique Staffordshire pottery, Staffordshire figure, pearlware figure, Fortitude, Myrna Schkolne

At almost seven inches, she is significantly smaller than Venus and Apollo, but she is charming, and I need all the Fortitude I can get! Notice that she wears a helmet (because Fortune is often portrayed as a warrior) and she leans on a pillar, (a pillar became Fortune's attribute in the Renaissance). I am not sure of the symbolism attached to the book...wisdom perhaps? I have only seen one other example of this figure, which was in the stock of the late Aurea Carter and is shown in Staffordshire Figures 1780-1840, Volume 4. I like her rather stoic expression.

My third and last collection addition is also classical, and the photo does not capture the shimmering iridescence of its luster background, which is a much pinker shade than my photo suggests.

antique Staffordshire pottery, Staffordshire figure, pearlware figure, Diana, Myrna Schkolne

This wee treasure, just seven inches tall, portrays the goddess Diana. As the goddess of the hunt and the moon, Diana personifies chastity. She is frequently portrayed with her hunting gear and a dog.

This humble plaque and I have a history. I fell in love with it in 2008, when I visited the home of the dealer Bill Shaeffer. As I entered the door it caught my eye--but Bill was not wanting to part with it. This year, his estate was auctioned, and it became my turn to acquire the plaque and enjoy Diana on my wall. Notice the smudge in the paint at ten o'clock. It's the painter's finger print!

Bull baitings, wedding, christenings, children at play...the subjects have naive charm, but classical figures tell amazing stories of their own. Any idea why the figure of Venus usually has a dolphin at her side? That's because dolphins recall Venus's birth from the sea. Here the story gets a little gory. The Greek poet Hesiod tells that when Uranus was castrated, his genitals were cast on the sea, and Venus was born from the foam they produced, and she floated ashore in a shell. The Ancients were certainly not lacking in imagination!

Classical figures are easy to find, but not necessarily on the shelf of your favorite dealer. Dealers tend to focus on those bull baitings, weddings, christenings, and the like. They deem these subjects more "commercial", The secret is that classical figures (which are often earlier and finer than the so-called "whimsical" or "naive figures that dealers hone in on) are ridiculously underpriced because the trade, in its ignorance, often ignores them.

PS: James Hall's Dictionary of Subjects & Symbols in Art, an inexpensive paperback, is my go-to reference for the low-down on classical figures

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Doing Dallas

4/1/2019

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Dallas is a remarkable city in that it houses more early Staffordshire figures than does any other city on earth. No, these treasures are not stuffed into museum cupboards. Rather, they are loved and enjoyed in the homes of collectors who generously share them with like-minded others. And so it happens that in the past few weeks, several interesting early Staffordshire figures crossed my path within a few miles of my home.

First, I was thrilled to see that the two pipers below jumped from John Howard's stock onto a local collector's shelf because this gave me an opportunity to examine and compare them to some other figures in my own collection.

antique Staffordshire, antique Staffordshire figure, pearlware figure, bocage figure, Sherratt, Obadiah Sherratt, musician, Myrna Schkolne

These two close-to-identical pipers are not what you could call a pair, but they have probably lived side by side for almost two centuries. At my first glimpse of them, a "Sherratt" siren went off full blast in my head. Look at the number of features they share with other "Sherratt" figures----features that are exclusively "Sherratt."

First, the same piper occurs within other "Sherratt" groups, some of which are shown below.

The base is of a form that we see on other small "Sherratt" figures. It is from the same molds as the bases on the groups below.

And if you look at the "Sherratt" groups that follow, you will see that both the little perky dog and the bottle occur repeatedly within them. Yes, I know small dogs are not uncommon on pottery groups, but the "Sherratt" dog is unlike any other, and, off the top of my head, the bottle is also specific to "Sherratt."

The bocage flowers are the typical four-petalled mayflowers found on other Sherratt groups, including the two large family and courtship groups shown above.
The bocage (right) is a little atypical in its structure. I might have expected it to look more like the example on the left.

Those funny little round flowers on the base had me stumped for a while. A first for "Sherratt" perhaps?

Not so at all. I had almost forgotten that I had recorded those same round flowers
on the base of this musical group.

Below, you see one of the pipers alongside two other "Sherratt" groups with like characteristics. It is no wonder that Malcolm Hodkinson dubbed his book on this pot bank "Sherratt? A Natural Family of Staffordshire Figures."

It is satisfying when all the puzzle pieces come together, but I am left wondering why two male pipers would be "paired" in this manner. Given the choice, wouldn't you have paired the male piper with his female companion? I have encountered another instance of this. The two male pipers below probably lived together for centuries.

Pictureantique Staffordshire, antique Staffordshire figure, pearlware figure, bocage figure, Big Blossom Group, musician, Myrna Schkolne

The owner of this "pair" sold one--to me, I will confess--but the owner of the two "Sherratt" pipers prefers to keep that twosome together, which I quite understand.

Another interesting find in a Dallas home this month was this sheep. The base is one most commonly found on Dudson figures, but the distinctive bocage flowers (just like those on the two pipers immediately above) place this sheep in the Big Blossom Group.

Pictureantique Staffordshire, antique Staffordshire figure, pearlware figure, bocage figure, Big Blossom Group, sheep, Myrna Schkolne

I must admit to being surprised at this combination of bocage and base, so much so that I checked carefully to confirm that the bocage is original to the group. Lovely beast is it not?

A beast of another sort, and certainly not to every collector's taste, is the large figure of Atlas holding a globe, such as the example below.

Pictureantique Staffordshire, antique Staffordshire figure, pearlware figure, Atlas, Myrna Schkolne

Courtesy Leonard Joel.

Atlas's globe is usually open at the top (as is the one shown here) or it has a series of large holes near the top. The purpose of these openings has been a bit of a mystery. Last month in Dallas, I encountered a pair of Atlas figures gracing a dining table. Each globe held a metal candlestick fitting, as you see below.

For now, I am left to assume that globes with multiple holes accommodated more complex fittings.

This past month, getting out and about in Dallas was remarkably rewarding. I wonder what will turn up next?

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Details Great and Small

3/3/2019

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antique Staffordshire, antique Staffordshire figure, pearlware figure, Myrna Schkolne, Ceres

There are no prizes for guessing the identity of the lady in the pearlware figure above. Her cornucopia reveals that she is Ceres, goddess of agriculture and plenty. But look again, and you will notice an unusual detail, other than the pretty base. Have you found it? It's the tiny animal (a lion?) peeping out from beneath her skirt.

Small Staffordshire pottery figures of Ceres are usually around six inches in height, and they were mainly made in the late eighteenth century and just into the post-1800 period. They tend to look like the example below, made by Neale/Wilson around 1785, and they do not include a small animal.

Excavated shards link the model-with-animal to William Greatbach's pot bank in the 1775-1782 period. The shards are decorated with colored glazes, so presumable the figure would have looked like the one below, which is currently on eBay. Again, that little beastie peeps out from beneath Ceres's skirt.

Courtesy eBay seller hugh-jarms

This model may have neither originated with Greatbach nor ended with him, for molds changed hands routinely in the Potteries then. I was intrigued to see the small figure of Ceres below in a private collection. She is the only other enamel-painted figure I have recorded from the same molds as the figure at the top of this page. This time the beastie really looks like a lion. Love Ceres's eye makeup!

Courtesy Malcolm Trundley.

Last month, I commented on how pleasing the detail in figures can be, and detail can be found on even quite huge figures. The potter of this large lion in Martyn Edgell's stock was very determined that the beast should have great big ear holes but, more appealing is the motif of putti with a lion in relief beneath the animal's belly.

antique Staffordshire, antique Staffordshire figure, pearlware figure, Myrna Schkolne, lion, putti

Courtesy Martyn Edgell.

A putto atop a lion’s back occurs in classical imagery dating back to Roman times. It conveys the theme of the power of love, or “love Conquers All” (“Omnia Vincit Amor” from Virgil’s Eclogue). This same scene appears on a Wedgwood jasper plaque in the Buten Collection, which was modeled in 1776 after a carved gem. And it appears on a plaque in my collection.

antique Staffordshire, antique Staffordshire figure, pearlware figure, Myrna Schkolne, putti, lion

Another large figure with an interesting detail coming to auction soon is the lady below. Any idea who she is?

antique Staffordshire, antique Staffordshire figure, pearlware figure, Myrna Schkolne, Parable, Wise Virgin

Courtesy Woton Auctions.

The devil is in again in the detail, for the lamp holds the clue to her identity. She portrays the Wise Virgin, as in the Parable of the Ten Virgins (Matthew 25: 1–13), also known as the Parable of the Wise and Foolish Virgins. This parable tells of ten virgins awaiting the coming of a bridegroom. Each carries an oil torch. The five wise virgins have sufficient oil for their lamps, but the five foolish virgins have not. Because the foolish virgins have to seek more oil, they are not present when the bridegroom arrives. They miss their big opportunity!

The Wise Virgin has been represented in imagery for centuries holding her oil light, as does the Staffordshire figure. (A figure portraying the Foolish Virgin has not yet been documented.) Of course, that outstretched arm is just asking to be snapped off, which is why I have yet to see a Wise Virgin with an intact arm in a private collection or in a dealer's stock. I know of only two intact examples, both in museum collections, and they can be seen is Staffordshire Figures 1780-1840, Vol. 2. For completeness, note that in this case the ewer that should be present in the lady's other hand is missing.

Missing details are so frustrating! A few months back I was intrigued to see a hitherto unrecorded figure on eBay. The flower on the base is an Enoch Wood/Wood & Caldwell feature, so I know which pot bank made her...but what did this lovely lass once hold in her arms? The details that would pinpoint her identity have long since been lost.

antique Staffordshire, antique Staffordshire figure, pearlware figure, Myrna Schkolne

I have since seen a similar figure with her arms restored to hold a musical instrument of sorts. A botched job if ever there was one! If the world can drool over the armless Venus de Milo, why do we collectors demand perfection?

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The Small Things that Matter

2/3/2019

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I skipped last month's blog posting...my first miss in years. Not a great start to 2019, but it happened for a reason. I was obsessively working on a major revamp of Obsession, which is now available on the Books tab of this site for free down load. In the process, I took lots of new photographs, added figures, increased the size of all the photos, and improved the text. I hope you enjoy the result.

There is a saying in North Carolina, "You never know how you look till you get your picture took," and it is so very true when it comes to Staffordshire pottery figures. I find that looking through the lens of the camera focuses my attention on the tiny details that matter, the elements that make each figure special. Case in point is the group below, which I have owned since my early collecting days. The quality cannot be faulted, and the group is as fresh and clean as if it were made yesterday.

antique Staffordshire, Staffordshire pottery, Staffordshire figure, pearlware figure, Myrna Schkolne

But look at it piece by piece, and those little musicians become real people, with expressive faces and beautifully decorated garb. Even the animals acquire distinct personalities.

The magic really is in the details. Notice the amazing cockades on those hats. Each is as crisp as can be.....and I love the carefully dotted eyebrows.

I am an enthusiastic advocate of small figures. Yes, the biggies--the menageries, the bull baitings, the Death of Munrows....all have POW. But somehow there is less detail in them, less for the eye to dawdle over and ponder. And, I might add, you can buy a whole shelf of small figures for less than the price of the big groups we collectors seem to covet.

I enjoy my tiny treasures enormously, but am I alone in this? The little pair of Turks (below) are so very fine and give me endless pleasure.

antique Staffordshire, Staffordshire pottery, Staffordshire figure, pearlware figure, Turk, Myrna Schkolne

My path to this pair was a rather a winding one. I first bought two males in a lot at auction, the two you see in the picture below. Then I acquired a female--she really is a surprisingly rare figure--and that enabled me to make a pair. Perhaps someday I will find a lady for my bachelor Turk, or perhaps I will part with him, but I must admit that I enjoy the three figures just as they stand.

So here's what I don't understand: Andrew Dando offered a pair of Turks in his December exhibition. This is the only other pair of these charming figures that I have recorded. Modestly priced, it remained unsold after the exhibition and went into his stock on his site.

Courtesy Andrew Dando

Another tiny pair that I enjoy is shown below. I bought these musicians and their pooches from Elinor Penna very many moons ago, and my pleasure in them continues to this day.

antique Staffordshire, Staffordshire pottery, Staffordshire figure, pearlware figure, musicians, Myrna Schkolne

Figures of quality have become so rare, and their prices keep going up and up at auction--if you can find any to bid on in the first place. So why has no-one failed to see the beauty in a similar pair that David Boyer has had on his site for a while? They should have sold immediately!

Courtesy Mears and Boyer.

This posting is NOT intended as a plug for any particular dealer. I buy from them all---but that is hardly and endorsement because I would buy from the devil himself if he had what I wanted! This posting is intended to ask you to enjoy the detail in your figures. Focusing in this way will sharpen your eye and enhance your pleasure.

Visitors to our home often ask me which is the single figure I would keep if I could only keep one, and I tend to point to my small Wombwell's menagerie. But truth be told, if I could only keep one figure in my final years, any one of my smaller figures would fit the bill. If I am ga-ga and bed ridden, I would be quite content to clutch this small sheep, bought from John Howard a long time ago.

antique Staffordshire, Staffordshire pottery, Staffordshire figure, pearlware figure, sheep, Myrna Schkolne

John's stock is consistently the very finest, and its quality is fairly reflected in the price....but it doesn't take deep pockets to achieve supreme pleasure. I would be just as happy clutching the little "Sherratt" sheep (below) bought on eBay for a paltry amount.

My list of new year resolutions includes revisiting my collection to refocus on the detail in the figures. God is in the detail, after all. The small things are really what matter most.

PS: If you are among the brave who plough through the text of Obsession, please point out the errors that surely abound! I can be reached at myrna.schkolne@gmail.com

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Fleeting Fame

12/3/2018

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Recently, the fabulous plaque shown below crossed my path. It is unusual, perhaps even unique, in two ways: first, I can't recall another plaque with two hangers arranged in this way; and second and more importantly, it portrays a pivotal battle in European history.

Staffordshire pottery, antique Staffordshire plaque, Wellington, Myrna Schkolne

The scene depicts the Battle of Vitoria. The figure on horseback is identified by a ribbon beneath impressed WELLINGTON, while the ribbon beneath the soldiers to the left is impressed VITTORIA {sic}.

At the battle of Vitoria in northern Spain on 21 June 1813, British forces under Arthur Wellesley, then the Marquess of Wellington, defeated Joseph Bonaparte (King of Spain and Napoleon's older brother). This facilitated Napoleon's defeat and abdication in April 1814. That same month, Wellington was made the Duke of Wellington for his contribution to securing the safety and sovereignty of the British nation.

Who was THE man of the twentieth century? I suspect that the name that will be remembered long after all others are forgotten is that of Adolf Hitler, to the eternal shame of the German nation. But to my mind the hero of the twentieth century was Sir Winston Churchill, whose inspirational leadership saved Britain and western civilization from the poisonous tentacles of evil intent on devouring Europe.

In the nineteenth century, the Duke of Wellington was the hero who saved Britain--and indeed Europe--from aggression, and today he is still remembered for his victory at the Battle of Waterloo in 1815. But Staffordshire potters were slow to pay tribute to this great man. Despite Wellington's fame, the only figure I have seen that is definitively identified as him is the figure below, currently in the Potteries Museum. As you see, "Duke Wellington" has been scratched into the paint on the base, so there can be no argument.

The trouble is that I am not convinced this figure was modeled to be the Wellington. It is possible that the painter simply scratched "Duke Wellington" into the paint as an afterthought. Several variations on this model exist....but as yet another titled example has not come to light. (See www.mystaffordshirefigures.com/blog/duke-of-wellington)

When it comes to busts, we get somewhat luckier. Indeed, Wellington was modeled in bust form---but, whereas the potters created multiple variations of busts of other men who were long-dead and rather obscure, the bust shown below is their only depiction of Wellington. We can be sure the bust is Wellington because DUKE OF WELLINGTON is impressed on the front of the socle--impossible to see in this photo, I know.

Courtesy Wisbech & Fenland Museum.

Below is the reverse of the bust. The mark impressed on the lower edge of the socle....trust me, it is there!...is that of WOOD & CALDWELL. This tells us that it was made between 1814 (when Wellington became a duke) and 1818 (when the Wood & Caldwell partnership dissolved.) This bust, in the Wisbech & Fenland Museum, is 11.5" tall, but a 22" version (similarly marked) is in the Potteries Museum.

Courtesy Wisbech & Fenland Museum.

The Wellington bust was based upon a portrait bust by the English sculptor Joseph Nollekens (1737–1823). Nollekens carved his work in 1813 and exhibited it at the Royal Academy that year. Wellington's bared neck, blank eyes, and haughty expression appealed to the classicists and romantics of the day, and, given the Duke's fame, other artists were quick to jump on the bandwagon and replicate the bust in assorted materials.

I was intrigued to find a plaster version of Nolleken's bust in the collection of the Boston Athenaeum, gifted in 1817. At just over 22" in size, it (or another just like it) may well have been the design source for the 22" pottery bust in the Potteries Museum.

In the pre-Victorian era, Staffordshire portrayals of the Duke of Wellington appeared on jugs and other useful wares, but when it comes to figures...sadly, it just didn't happen.

With peace secured after Waterloo, Wellington re-entered politics. Known as the Iron Duke because of his fiery resolve, he served as prime minister for two years and died in 1852. From the 1840s, with the Duke in his final years, there seems to have been an awakening appreciation of his contribution to his nation, and Victorian potters portrayed Wellington as the elder statesman that he was.